| p>Collaboration, simulation and modelling have | | | | collaborations based on these techniques would |
| been investigated to assist us in determining the | | | | bring together experts in engineering, systems |
| requirements for future research in modelling of | | | | modelling, computing, and Human Computer |
| problems. Huhns [1] and Paternò [2] both | | | | Interaction. |
| explain that alternatives to the current approach | | | | References |
| to software development are required. This | | | | [1] Huhns, M. (2001) Interaction-Oriented Software |
| should allow translation from a model-based | | | | Development. International Journal of Software |
| representation of software to the actual | | | | Engineering and Knowledge Engineering, 11 |
| software. This could involve automatically | | | | 259-279. |
| producing software for a semantic web site from | | | | [2] Paternò, F. (2005) Model-based tools |
| visual representations of the problem. The core of | | | | for pervasive usability. Interacting with Computers |
| this modelling infrastructure would be automated | | | | 17 (3), 291-315. |
| generation of models written using World Wide | | | | [3] Alloy |
| Web Consortium (W3C) standards based | | | | [4] Wallace C. (2003) Using Alloy in process |
| languages and the visualisation of information | | | | modelling. Information and Software Technology, |
| represented in such W3C standard ways. We | | | | Vol. 45 (15), 1031-1043. |
| have examined modelling languages such as Alloy | | | | [5] W3C Math Home - - What is MathML? |
| [3] examined by Wallace [4], in order to establish | | | | [6] Gray J, Zhang J, Lin Y, Roychoudhury S, Wu |
| how modelling languages can be used as an | | | | H, Sudarsan R, Gokhale A, Neema S, Shi F, and |
| interface to an End-User Programming | | | | Bapty T, Model-Driven Program Transformation |
| environment. | | | | of a Large Avionics Framework, 2004, Third |
| Transformation from a model building environment | | | | International Conference on Generative |
| to program code has been investigated by Gray | | | | Programming and Component Engineering GPCE. |
| et al [5]. MathML [6] can assist in this process by | | | | [7] Guibert N, Girard P, Guittet L, (2004), |
| providing an open representation of functions as | | | | Example-based Programming: a pertinent visual |
| XML (eXtensible Markup Language). Functions | | | | approach for learning to program, University of |
| entered by the model developer can then be | | | | Poitiers, Proceedings of the working conference |
| translated to this open representation and | | | | on Advanced visual interfaces - Pages: 358 - 361 - |
| translated to programming languages and/or read | | | | ISBN:1-58113-867-9. |
| by programming languages. The representation of | | | | [8] Spar - Tree based representation |
| functions and information can sometimes be | | | | [9] Interactive Examples |
| illustrated diagrammatically. Guibert et al [7] explain | | | | [10] Morris, S., Neilson, I., Charlton, C., Little, J. |
| and expands on Smiths work with an example | | | | (2001) Interactivity and collaboration on the |
| demonstrating how numbers fail to reveal the | | | | WWW - is the 'WWW shell' sufficient?. Interacting |
| concept behind them. The example is a numerical | | | | with Computers, 13, 717-730. |
| representation of a triangle. This representation is | | | | [11] Aziz, H., Gao, J., Maropoulos, P., Chewing, W. |
| 'fregean' because it does not show the concept | | | | M. (2005) Open standard, open source and |
| of a triangle. Next to this is a diagram of the | | | | peer-to-peer tools and methods for collaborative |
| triangle that does show the concept. This is the | | | | product development. Computers in Industry, 56, |
| theory behind our conversions to interactive SVG | | | | 260-271. |
| (Scalable Vector Graphics) and and tree based | | | | [12] Ciancarini, P. & Rossi, D. & Vitali, F. |
| representations of information and functions [8][9]. | | | | (2001) Designing a document-centric coordination |
| An open standards web driven method of | | | | application over the Internet. Interacting with |
| collaboration is required to make it possible for | | | | Computers, 13 677-693. |
| organisations and individuals to become more | | | | [13] Nidamarthi S., Allen R. H., Ram D. S. (2001) |
| deeply involved in projects that are well | | | | Observations from supplementing the traditional |
| coordinated using web technologies. Morris et al. | | | | design process via Internet-based collaboration |
| [10] examine Interactivity and collaboration on the | | | | tools, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 14 (1), |
| web. Aziz et al. [11] examine how open standards | | | | 95-107. |
| software can assist in an organisation's | | | | [14] Huang, G. Q., Mak, K. L. (2001) Issues in the |
| collaborative product development. This approach | | | | development and implementation of web |
| is outlined in Ciancarini et al. [12] that explains | | | | applications for product design and manufacture. |
| ways of designing a document-centric coordination | | | | Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 14 (1), |
| application over the Internet. Nidamarthi et al. [13] | | | | 125-135. |
| explain how web based collaboration can aid the | | | | [15] Reed, J. A., Follen, G. J., Afjeh A. A. (2000) |
| design process. Huang and Mak [14] evaluate | | | | Improving the Aircraft Design Process Using |
| issues in the development and implementation of | | | | Web-Based Modeling and Simulation. ACM |
| web applications for product design and | | | | Transactions on Modeling and Computer |
| manufacture. Reed et al. [15] show how web | | | | Simulation, 10 (1), 58-83. |
| based modelling and simulation can be used in the | | | | [16] Kim Y., Choi Y., Bong Yoo S. (2001) Brokering |
| aircraft design process. Kim et al. [16] explain their | | | | and 3D collaborative viewing of mechanical part |
| approach to modelling and simulation. Zhang et al. | | | | models on the Web, Computer Integrated |
| [17] review Internet-based product information | | | | Manufacturing, 14 (1), 28-41. |
| sharing and visualisation. Li [18] examines the role | | | | [17] Zhang, S., Weimen, S., Hamada, G. (2004) A |
| of web based services for distributed process | | | | review of Internet-based product information |
| planning optimization. | | | | sharing and visualization. Computers in Industry, |
| The intention is to further the research of others | | | | 54, 1-15. |
| into the approach of web based collaboration, and | | | | [18] Li, W. D. (2005) A Web-based service for |
| use semantic web software and techniques to | | | | distributed process planning optimization. |
| achieve this. The above research reinforced our | | | | Computers in Industry, 56, 272-288. |
| view that this is a robust approach. Modelling | | | | |