| Importance Of Transformer In Field Of
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| | of turns. N2/N1 = V2/V1 = I1/I2 = K
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| Electricity
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| | Here N is no of turns, V is voltage I is
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| The electric power now a days has become
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| | current. 1 and 2 denotes primary &
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| the necessity of people. Every consumers
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| | secondary windings respectively. K is
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| of any category such as commercial,
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| | called transformation ratio. For the
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| residential etc needs electric power. So
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| | value of K>1 transformer is step-up type
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| it has become duty of the government to
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| | and for K
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| generate electric power and transmit it
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| | So this is the basic working of
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| to the consumers safely and
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| | transformer.
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| satisfactorily. The development of a
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| | Major Parts Of A Transformer
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| state depends upon its industry, its
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| | A transformer in its complete is a
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| business and other such options which
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| | assembly of many parts these parts are
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| plays a vital role in increasing the per
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| | summurized as:
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| capita income. But parallel to other
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| | * MAIN TANK:
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| needs of industry electricity is also a
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| | It is the outer part of the transformer.
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| need. No machine can run without it.
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| | The core with windings is fitted in the
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| Similarly, now a days computer has become
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| | main tank. The LV and HV terminals are
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| the part of every business office. It
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| | also taken out from the windings through
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| needs too electric power. So if it does
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| | the holes provided in the main tank is
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| not get electric power at appropriate
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| | required to support the windings and
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| level it will not work and the smoothness
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| | transformer oil.
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| business ends.
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| | * COOLING FINS:
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| Different types of consumers needs
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| | Cooling fins are provided with the main
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| different voltage levels of electric
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| | tank. These fins are small strips welded
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| current. For example a commercial
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| | together t form a network of small hole
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| consumer may need a voltage level of 11
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| | pipelies. These are connected from top to
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| kv or 440 v or 6.6 KV while a residential
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| | bottom with main tank. The hot
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| consumer needs power at level of 240 V.
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| | transformer oils the enters these fins
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| For serving different consumers we cannot
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| | from the top and after cooled by natural
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| give supply to them from different
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| | air striking the fins enter the main tank
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| generating stations generating power at
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| | again from the bottom. So these fins are
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| different levels. It is not convenient
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| | provided for the cooling of the
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| and sometimes impossible. So it becomes a
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| | transformer oil.
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| need to generate power at a level and to
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| | * CONSERVATOR TANK:
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| transmit it to other stations at a higher
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| | Conservator tank is provided on the top
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| level and distribute it to consumers at
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| | of the main tank and it is filled with
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| different levels on the voltage level of
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| | transformer oil. It is connected directly
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| their need.
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| | to the main tank body. The oil filling
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| So at every step whether voltage level
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| | hole is kept closed after filling the oil
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| should have to be increased or decreased
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| | in it. A hole is made for the connection
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| we need a transformer. So the role of
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| | of breather with it on the top of the
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| transformer in the transmission and
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| | conservator tank. It and main tank are
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| distribution of electric power is very
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| | air tighted so that it can breath only
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| important. The electric power is
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| | from the breather.
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| generated at a level of 12-15 KV and is
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| | * BREATHER:
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| stepped up to 220 KV or higher levels
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| | The breather is provided with the
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| with the help of step up transformer. At
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| | conservator tank. The breather is
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| the distribution stations it is stepped
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| | typically a glass vessel whase top outlet
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| down to a lower level 66 KV and send to
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| | is connected to the conservator ad bottom
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| substations and then further decreasing
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| | outlet is free to air. It is connected
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| to 11 KV and 400V it is divided between
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| | vertically with the constervator tank.
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| consumers with the help of stepdown
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| | The breather has two chambers top chamber
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| transformer. So transformer has become a
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| | is filled with silicagel and bottom
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| necessity due to its important role in
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| | chamber which is of bowl type is filled
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| power transmission and distribution.
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| | with transformer oil. The air passes
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| Transformer -In General
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| | through the breathers. The moisture
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| Transformer is basically a static device
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| | present in the air is absorbed by the
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| which is defined as a device which can
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| | silica gel. The dry air goes inside
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| step up or step down the voltage level of
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| | conservator tank when needed. The
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| A.C. applied to its primary. If the
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| | presence of moisture change colour of
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| transformer is step up then the voltage
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| | silica gel from blue to pink.
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| on secondary terminals will be high and
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| | * CORE:
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| if the transformer is stepdown then the
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| | Core provides the main flux path the core
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| voltage level on secondary terminals will
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| | is made up of CRGO (cold rolled grain
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| be low. Any winding can be considered
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| | oriented) sheet steel. The CRGO steel
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| secondary and primary so any transformer
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| | sheets are cut into small strips of
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| may behave as stepup or step down
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| | appropriate size and shape the thickness
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| transformer but it is possible only
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| | of the strips is 1-2 mm and width of
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| theoretically it is not possible
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| | these is 1 to 2 inch the length of these
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| practically on the behalf of insulation
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| | varies on the basis of rated KVA of the
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| reasons. So transformers are wound for
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| | transformer.
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| different types and for different voltage
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| | These strips are joined in a predescribed
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| levels. For stepping up or down a voltage
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| | form. The limbs in the form are two for
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| a suitable transformer should be choosed.
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| | single phase transformer and three for
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| As said earlier transformer is a static
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| | three phase transformer.
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| device. In the construction of it we have
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| | * WINDINGS:
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| a core which is made up of steel sheet
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| | The primary and secondary windings of
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| stampings these stampings are cut into
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| | transformer are wound on the winding
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| many steps such as i.e. etc. and are them
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| | machines. The wires choosen for making
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| assembled to have the complete core. On
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| | coils are generally of copper and
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| this core the secondary and primary
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| | aluminium of SWG specified by the Indian
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| windings are wound. Both the windings are
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| | Institutes of Standards.
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| insulated from each other as well as from
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| | The LT windings are having a small dia
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| the core. The no. of turns of primary and
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| | and are coiled in such a way to fit the
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| secondary coils determines whether it is
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| | core limb smoothely. The HT winding is of
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| step up transformer or step down
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| | large diameter as compared to the LT
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| transformer. For stepup transformer
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| | winding. Here also the diameter is so
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| secondary no. of turns should be more as
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| | choosen that the HT winding fits over the
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| compared to primary. For step down
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| | LT winding coils alongwith insulation
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| transformer these should be less.
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| | paper.
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| Now these windings on the transformer are
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| | * BUSHINGS:
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| immersed in the tank which is the
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| | Porceline bushings are provided on both
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| mainbody of the transformer. The tank is
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| | sides of the transformer i.e. on HT and
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| filled with oil and provided with fins
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| | LT side. These bushes are provided on the
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| for cooling.
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| | transformer to insulate the high voltage
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| The transformer oil gives two fold
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| | in touch with the main body of the
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| results. It cools the windings and
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| | transformer. The HV cide bushings are
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| insulate the winding from the main tank
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| | large in size as compared to the LV side
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| body. The primary and secondary terminals
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| | because of the high voltage on HT Side.
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| are made ready with the help of bushings.
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| | * ARCHING HORNS:
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| Now when the voltage is given to the
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| | Arching horns are provided at the top and
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| primary winding of the transformer a flux
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| | bottom of the HV and LV bushings. These
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| gets produced, this flux alternating in
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| | are provided on HV bushings essentially.
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| nature follows a path on the core and get
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| | The purpose of these is to have safe
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| linked to the secondary winding hence a
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| | earthing of high voltage without any
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| voltage is generated at the secondary
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| | damage to main transformer body in the
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| winding.
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| | case of failure or breakage of the
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| So a transformer is based on FARADAYS
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| | bushing. In such case the top and bottom
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| LAWS OF ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION.
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| | horns are joins together and so safe
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| The voltage generated on the secondary
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| | earthing is achieved.
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| depends on the secondary and primary no.
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